What’s Included

• Full genetics theory explained clearly Progeny testing, performance testing, genotyping, genomes, alleles, genotypes vs phenotypes.

• Genomic selection in crops & animals How modern DNA tools speed up breeding, improve disease resistance, growth, fertility and yield.

• Genetic modification explained simply GM crops, transgenic vs cisgenic organisms, how GM crops are created, Bt maize example.

• Molecular markers & plant breeding tools How markers help identify resistant varieties and speed up selection.

• Tissue culture with diagram Micropropagation steps + advantages (cloning, disease-free plants, rapid production).

• MOET in dairy cattle Hormone treatments, embryo recovery, embryo transfer, and why it accelerates herd improvement.

• Ethical & economic considerations Access, regulation, biodiversity benefits, food chain safety.

• Inheritance & Mendelian genetics Genes, alleles, chromosomes, dominance vs recessiveness.

• Worked monohybrid cross examples Cattle coat colour cross, pea flower colour cross, Punnett squares, ratios.

• Incomplete dominance example Full diagram and explanation of blended phenotypes.