What’s Included

Animal Nutrition – Nutrients & their functions (carbohydrates, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals) – Macro & micro minerals (full tables) – Protein & energy requirements for young, pregnant & lactating animals – Water functions and dietary importance – Digestible vs metabolisable energy explained – Maintenance vs production diets – Bulky feeds vs concentrates – Advantages of cereals in rations – Ration ingredient tables (energy, protein, fibre, fat, minerals, vitamins) – Feed processing for ruminants vs pigs – Lysine requirements in pig diets

Animal Physiology – Dental formulas for pigs, cattle & sheep – Step-by-step ruminant digestion (intake → rumen → reticulum → omasum → abomasum → intestines) – Cow vs calf digestive anatomy – Oesophageal groove function – Pancreatic enzyme table (trypsin, amylase, lipase) – Liver & gall bladder functions – Monogastric vs ruminant comparison chart – Digestive secretions and their sources

Animal Reproduction – Male & female reproductive system diagrams + functions – Hormone tables for both sexes – Oestrous cycle, duration of oestrus & gestation lengths for cow, sheep & pig – Definitions (polyoestrous, seasonally polyoestrous) – Dairy breeding: AI, sexed semen, natural service – Sheep reproduction: synchronisation, superovulation, embryo transfer (full process)